|
|
Variety potkanů a jejich genetická determinace
Tichá, Petra
The work describes variations of chat stroctures and colour of fancy rat (Rattus norvegicus var. alba) bred by hobby breeders. The document contains list of various coat types, colours and also frequently occuring coat colour patterns. The document is not limited to listing specific variations but describes their genetics origin. The work deals with specific mutations leading to differentiations of coat colour patterns. The source information used was obtained from subject articles about genetics of laboratory rats and complemented by authors own experience in fancy rat breeding. The document includes an example of genetics determination of selected types of rat varieties. The point of this work is to create a comprehensive notion of mutations affecting the fancy rat appearance and their heredity. Hobby breeders will find various breeding wals leading to occurence of standardized coat types, specigic colour types and pattern types, broadening their awareness of the problematic.
|
|
|
Genetika pigmentace u psů
Chmelařová, Monika
Within the domestication of the dog was bred a large number of breeds, which vary in size, physique and fur color. Coloring of dogs plays a key role in choosing of puppy. Most of breeds have in their standard specified permitted coloring, a coloring which is preferred and forbidden coloring. Some types of coloring carry the risk of various forms of congenital defects. Genes that are involved in the fur color of dogs can be divided into distribution genes influencing the distribution and dilution of the pigment on the body of the dog and to genes encoding the synthesis of a certain kind of pigment. These genes interact and effect of alleles of epistatic gene can suppress the phenotype expression of the hypostatic gene alleles. They are known two main pigments dark eumelanin and light pheomelanin, which are influenced by alleles of these two genes, and it leads to origin of all color variance and drawings coat in dogs.
|
|
|
Non-invasive methods for sex and steroid homones determination in gibbons of the genus Nomascus
Bolechová, Petra ; Bartoš, Luděk (advisor) ; Pavel, Pavel (referee)
The gibbon primates of the family Nomascus are classified as critically endangered species, and, to date, basic understanding and information about their biology is missing. With regard to the status of these animals in the wild and captive populations in zoos, being familiar with their reproduction, may improve captive breeding programs. Data collection in this study was to be carried out by the practical use of non-invasive methods (polymerase chain reaction for DNA extraction and enzyme immunoassays), using faecal samples for analysis. The first method, polymerase chain reaction, was used for sex determination in juveniles, because of their coat colour and visual similarity of secondary sex characteristic in both sexes; it is not possible to determinate sex without handling the animal. Another main purpose of this study is to try and answer the hypothesis regarding the ovarian cycle of females, factors influencing their hormone concentration and also the onset of sexual maturity in females and the timing of their fur colour change. Hypotheses were checked by monitoring the concentration of progesterone and oestrogen faecal metabolites and by evaluation of the composition of breeding groups of gibbons with the ZOO influence. During a four year period (from 2010 till 2014), there were a total of 51 animals analysed from 16 different zoos with a faecal sample count totalling 1618 samples. The results confirmed the use of noninvasive methods for sex determination, and thus ensuring the maximum welfare standards. Endocrinological analysis confirmed the hypothesis of the influence of the environment (ZOO) to the hormone concentrations and female´s pregnancy effect in conjunction with her age on the final results of the male - father hormone concentrations. The initial information in this study is the confirmation of the onset of ovarian cycle in young females without connection to their fur colour change and a significant factor of a mother´s impact and her territoriality. This study is the first to present a long term monitoring of ovarian cycles in females and hormone concentrations of other individuals, both male and female, and from various age groups. The results allow us to understand the possible impact of zoo environments on the reproductive status of these gibbons and contribute to the general improvement of breeding management.
|
|
|
Inheritance of coat color in horses
Krejčová, Lucie ; Sedláková, Vladimíra (advisor) ; Hofmanová, Barbora (referee)
Genetic side of horse´s coloring is an interesting topic, which has been a subject of many researches for a long time. The DNA testing has shown that the original horses were brown or buckskin and due to changes in environmental conditions also black. During the domestication circulating more colors, quickly began, helped by human selection. The color of the coat is a quality feature and is subjected to Mendel's rules, for each color of the horses are therefore responsible genes of large effect. To most of the color is already assigned to a specific gene mutation and it is identified that the gene can find and change the phenotype. An exception is the color white, roan and tobiano, known only, that are associated with the KIT gene, dun color and leopard are currently only assigned to chromosomes ECA8 and ECA1. Mutations on genes are of different character, in the MC1R gene, MATP, PMEL17 and SLC36A1 is a change of a single base pair in a gene EDNRB is a dinucleotide mutation. ASIP gene mutation is caused by deletion of 11 nucleotide pairs and on the other hand is caused by mutations STX17 duplication 4.6 kilobytes Knowledge of gene structure and mutations is necessary for testing the color of horses at the molecular level. DNA testing is still in development, but currently it is already possible to test horses to most of the colors, which is important in the accurate identification of colors, but also in preventing the development of diseases which are associated with some genotypes. The aim of this work is to organize and unify information on various horse´s colours and the manner of their inheritance, due to the increasing interest of the people and farmers on this issue.
|
guest ::
